English Maritime Terminology on Ship and Cargo Handling

Merchant Vessel Vehicle Decks

Merchant vessels designed to transport vehicles feature specialized decks to accommodate their unique cargo. This chapter looks at the specificities and technical particularities of vehicle decks.

Vehicle Decks

1. Ro-Ro Decks: These decks are designed for the loading and unloading of vehicles directly from the shore or other vessels. They are equipped with ramps or elevators to facilitate the movement of vehicles between the deck and the quayside. Ro-Ro decks are typically located at the bow or stern of the vessel to allow for efficient loading and unloading operations.
2. Car Decks: These decks are specifically designed for the transportation of cars and other passenger vehicles. They may have multiple levels to maximize storage capacity. Car decks are often equipped with securing systems to prevent vehicles from shifting during transit.
3. Truck Decks: These decks are designed to accommodate trucks and other heavy vehicles. They are typically stronger and more reinforced than car decks to support the weight of these vehicles. Truck decks may also have features such as lashing points and ramps for loading and unloading.

Specificities and Technical Particularities

• Ramp Systems: Ro-Ro vessels often have hydraulically operated ramps that can be extended and retracted to connect the vessel to the quayside. These ramps may be located at the bow, stern, or sides of the vessel.
• Securing Systems: Vehicle decks are equipped with various securing systems to prevent vehicles from moving during transit. These may include lashing straps, chains, and wheel chocks.
• Ventilation Systems: To prevent the accumulation of carbon monoxide and other harmful gases, vehicle decks are equipped with ventilation systems that circulate fresh air.
• Drainage Systems: To prevent water from accumulating on the decks and causing damage and stability risks, vehicle decks have drainage systems that channel water overboard, notably deck scuppers.
• Fire Protection Systems: Vehicle decks are equipped with fire detection and suppression systems to minimize the risk of fires.

Additional Considerations

• Load Capacity: Vehicle decks must be designed to support the weight of the vehicles they are intended to carry. This requires careful consideration of factors such as the deck's thickness, reinforcement, and the distribution of weight.
• Stability: The addition of vehicle decks to a vessel can affect its stability. It is essential to ensure that the vessel's stability is maintained, even when fully loaded with vehicles.
• Safety: The safety of both the vehicles and the crew is a top priority when designing and operating vehicle decks. This includes measures such as clear markings, adequate lighting, and emergency escape routes.