English Maritime Terminology on Ship and Cargo Handling

7.2 Cargo Stowage Plan

Every merchant vessel should have a cargo stowage plan outlining the specific arrangement of cargo within a merchant vessel.

This plan is crucial for ensuring the ship's stability, safety, and efficient operation throughout its voyage. Key factors considered in developing a cargo stowage plan include:

Cargo Characteristics and Compatibility

• Weight and Volume: The weight and volume of each cargo item influence its placement within the vessel.
• Center of Gravity: Proper distribution of weight is essential to maintain the ship's stability.
• Cargo Compatibility: Incompatible cargo, such as hazardous materials and perishable goods, must be segregated to prevent accidents and contamination.
• Cargo Density: The density of cargo impacts its stowage arrangement. Denser cargo is typically placed in the lower holds to lower the center of gravity.

Vessel's Structural Limitations

• Hold Capacity: The size and capacity of the vessel's cargo holds determine the amount of cargo that can be accommodated.
• Weight Limits: The vessel's maximum weight capacity must not be exceeded.
• Stability Criteria: The cargo stowage plan must adhere to specific stability criteria to ensure the vessel's safety

International Regulations and Standards

• International Maritime Organization (IMO) Code of Safety for Solid Bulk Cargoes: This code provides guidelines for the safe stowage and handling of bulk cargoes, such as grains, coal, and ore.
• International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code: This code regulates the transport of hazardous materials by sea.

Types of Cargo and Stowage Considerations

• General Cargo: This category encompasses a wide range of goods, including packaged goods, machinery, and furniture. It is typically stowed in dry cargo holds, secured with lashings and dunnage.
• Bulk Cargo: Bulk cargo, such as grains, coal, and ore, is loaded directly into the cargo holds without individual packaging. Proper segregation and trim are crucial for stability.
• Liquid Cargo: Liquid cargo, like oil, chemicals, and liquefied gases, is transported in specialized tanks. The tanks must be securely fastened and inspected regularly to prevent leaks.
• Containerized Cargo: Containers are standardized units of cargo that are stacked in the vessel's holds. Careful stacking and securing are essential to prevent shifting and damage.
• Ro-Ro Cargo: Roll-on/roll-off cargo, such as cars, trucks, and trailers, is driven onto the vessel and secured with wheel chocks and lashings.