1.1 Ship Decks
Ship Decks
Decks are a critical component of merchant ships, dividing the vessel into horizontal sections which serve as platforms for operations, work areas, cargo, accommodation and more.
The type and number of decks on a vessel depend on its size, purpose, and design.
Types of Decks
1. Main Deck: This is the primary deck of a vessel, often located slightly above the waterline. It serves as the foundation for the superstructure and is used for various purposes, including cargo handling, passenger accommodation, and navigation. Also known as the weather deck or upper deck, depending on the type of vessel.
2. Forecastle Deck: Situated at the bow of the vessel, the forecastle deck is used for storage, crew accommodation, and other shipboard activities. It often includes the anchor windlass and capstans.
3. Poop Deck: Located at the stern of the vessel, the poop deck provides space for accommodation, cargo storage, and steering gear. It may also include the wheelhouse, where the ship is steered.
4. Bridge Deck: This deck is specifically designed for navigation and control. It houses the bridge, which is equipped with navigation equipment such as radar, GPS, and chart tables.
5. Tween Decks: These are the decks located between the main deck and the upper deck. They are primarily used for cargo storage and can be accessed through hatches in the main deck.
6. Cargo Decks: Vessels designed for bulk cargo transportation often have multiple cargo decks to maximize storage capacity. These decks may be equipped with cargo winches and cranes for loading and unloading operations.
Passenger Decks: Passenger vessels have decks specifically designed for passenger accommodation and recreational facilities. These decks may include cabins, lounges, restaurants, swimming pools, and other amenities.
Deck Structure, Equipment and Features
Decks are typically constructed of steel plates, reinforced with beams and girders. The deck plating is often covered with a non-slip coating to improve safety. Decks may also be equipped with various features, such as hatches, winches, and bollards, to facilitate cargo handling and mooring operations.
- Hatches: Openings in the deck used for loading and unloading cargo.
- Hatch Covers: These are removable covers that provide access to the cargo holds located below the decks.
- Winches: Machines used for lifting and lowering cargo.
- Bollards: Posts used for mooring lines.
- Gangways: These are movable ramps or bridges used for boarding and disembarking the vessel.
- Bulwarks: These are the raised sides of the deck that provide safety and protection from the sea.
- Scuppers: These are drainage channels that allow water and other liquids to flow overboard.
- Lifeboats: Boats used for emergency evacuation.
- Safety equipment: Fire extinguishers, life jackets, and other safety devices
The Superstructure
The superstructure is the raised section of a ship above the main deck. It typically houses the bridge, accommodation, and machinery spaces.
- Bridge: The command center of the ship, where the captain and officers control the vessel.
- Monkey Island: A small, raised platform located above the bridge, used for lookout duty and navigation.
- Quarterdeck: The aft section of the superstructure, often used for crew recreation and social events.
- Forecastle: The forward section of the superstructure, typically used for accommodation and storage.
- Poop Deck: The raised deck at the stern, often used for cargo handling and mooring operations.