3.3 Mooring Gear on the Forward Manoeuvring Station
The forward manoeuvring station on a vessel plays a crucial role in securing the ship during mooring operations. This area is equipped with various specialized gear designed for efficient handling of mooring lines.
Winch and Drum: The winch is the heart of the mooring station. It's a powerful machine that provides the pulling and slacking force needed to manipulate mooring lines. The drum on the winch is where the line is spooled and controlled. Winches can be electric, hydraulic, or air-powered, depending on the vessel's size and requirements.
Mooring Line Bitts: These are strong, typically cast-iron structures firmly anchored to the deck. Mooring lines are secured around the bitts using specialized knots to prevent them from slipping during maneuvers.
Warping Head: This is an attachment to the winch drum that allows for faster handling of mooring lines. It has a larger diameter than the drum itself, enabling multiple coils of rope to be spooled or released simultaneously.
Capstan: Similar to a winch, a capstan is a rotating drum used for mooring purposes. However, unlike winches, capstans don't have spooling capabilities. They primarily provide tension or slack on mooring lines already secured to bitts on deck.
Rollers, Chocks, and Guide Pulleys: These components work together to guide and protect mooring lines during operation. Rollers are smooth cylinders that reduce friction as lines are pulled or released. Chocks are U-shaped metal guides that hold the line in place and prevent chafing. Guide pulleys redirect the line's path to ensure smooth operation and proper winching angles.
Roller Fairlead: This is a specialized roller assembly mounted on the vessel's bow. It allows mooring lines to lead smoothly from the deck to the mooring point ashore or on another vessel.
Mooring Lines: The entire mooring system relies on robust ropes specifically designed for this purpose. Common types include synthetic ropes like nylon or polyester, known for their strength and elasticity. Steel wire ropes are also used in some cases, particularly for heavy-duty applications.
Line Types:
Bow Line: This line is secured to a point forward on the vessel (bow) and extends diagonally ashore or to another vessel, providing directional control.
Spring Line: Spring lines are secured at a point somewhat amidships on the vessel and run diagonally either forward or aft, depending on the situation. They help prevent the vessel from moving sideways.
Working together, these various mooring gear components on the forward manoeuvring station enable safe and efficient securing of the vessel during dockside operations.